Pneumatic self-playing musical instrument.



L. B. DOMAN.

PNEUMATIC SELF PLAYING MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. a, 1906. RENEWED APR. 25, 1914.

Patented Nov. 24, 1914.

7 SHEETSSHEET 1.

[NYZI'NTOR .flTTORNEY WITNESSE}? L. B. DOMAN.

PNEUMATIC SELF PLAYING MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 8, 1906. RENEWED APR. 25, 1914. 1,1 18,189. Patented Nov. 24,1914.

7 SHEETSSHEET 2.

(35 27 WITNESSES iw gi i I I I L. B. DOMAN.

PNEUMATIC SELF PLAYING MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. a, 1906. RENEWED APR. 25, 1914.

1,1 1 8, 1 89. Patented Nov. 24, 1914.

w N 7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

" mum' Ill- 0 o o o .o 1

,M..... II

L. B. DOMAN.

PNEUMATIG SELF PLAYING MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 8, 1906. RENEWED APR. 25, 1914.

1,118,189, Patented Nov. 2-4, 1914.

'I SHEETS-$HEET 4.

WITNEAYLSVEASV 1 T -BY I L. B. DOMAN.

. PNEUMATIC SELF PLAYING MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 8 1906. RENEWED APR. 25, 1914.

Patented Nov. 24, 1914.

7 SHEETSSHEET 5.

wlr mmws L. B. DOMAN. PNBUMATIG SELF PLAYING MUSIC AL INSTRUMENT. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 8I 1906. RENEWED APR. 25, 1914.

1 1 1 8,189. Patented Nov. 24, 1914.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

III 7111111111111;

mmx n 1917 ORNEY and inseparably LEWIS B. DOMAN, OF ELBBIDGE, NEW YOR COMPANY, OF ELBRIDGE, NEW YO K, ASSIGNOR TO AMPHION PIANO PLAYER RK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

PNEUMATIC SELF-PLAYING MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

Application filed August 8, 1906, Serial No. 329,692. Renewed April 25, 1914. Serial No.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEWIS B. DOMAN, of Elbridge, in the county of Onondaga, in the State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Self-Playing Musical Instruments, of which the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention. relates to certain improvements in pneumatic self-playing musical instruments in which the several mechanisms are incorporated within the case of the piano or similar instrument, constituting What is commonly known as an Inside player, reference being had to my pending applications #221,995, filed August 24, 1904:; #219,250, filed March 9, 1905 and the di- \isional applications thereof, viz: #333,214, filed September 4, 1906; #464,987 and #161,988 both filed November 28, 1908, and also to reissue application #591,228 filed November 23, 1910.

l t is well known that the pianos made by different manufacturers vary materially in their construction, and that at the present time large numbers of these instruments are being equipped with inside mechanical play ers, the elements of which are permanently built in .the instrument.

My main object is to divide the self-v playing adjunct of the instrument into a series of mechanical units, such as the exhaust action, or wind-inducing device; a pneumatic action, comprising soundproducing devices; a motor action, including the tempo controlling device for winding and rewinding the music-sheet, and a pneumatic expression controlling action,.eacl1 action constituting a mechanical unit to be manufactured separately and installed in the instrument in any available place, according to the structure of such instrument. In other words, I have sought to make each mechanical unit as a separate article of manufacture, capable of performing a distinct function, so that any one, or all of the several units maybe furnished to different manufacturers and separately installed within the case without material alteration of any part of the instrument.

A further object is to provide slip-fit flexible connections, such as rubber tubes, for communicatimi between the several pneumatic units so that the latter may be shifted Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 24, 1914.

relatively to each other and readily separated 01' reunited when necessary to facilitate the Work of repairing or installation of such units.

Another object is to conserve the energy developed by the wind-inducing device throughout the several actions by obviating as far as practicable, air leakages and other energy consuming imperfections, and by so doing increase the general working efficiency of the entire playing apparatus.

Other objects and uses will appear in the following description.

In the drawings-Figure l is a frontelevation of my improved mechanical pianoplayer showing the relative arrangement of the several mechanical units as incorporated in an upright piano, a portion of the dustboard of the valve-shelves being broken away. Fig. 2 is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken on line 22, Fig. 1 Fig. 3 is a somewhat smaller longitudinal sectional view taken on line 3-3, Fig. 2, showing one end of the pneumatic action-and adjacent end of the winding and rewinding mechanism for the music-sheet. Fig. 4: is a sectional view taken on line H, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view, partly in elevation, of the left-hand end of the shelves and adjacent ends of the Winding and rewinding rollers for the music-sheet. Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line 6 6,-Fig. 3, showing the brakecontrolling pneumatic. Figs. 7 and 8 are enlarged sectional views taken respectively 011 lines 77, and 8--8, Fig. 1, show ing the wind-inducing device in detail. Fig. 9 isan enlarged-longitudinal vertical sectional view through the expression controlling mechanism seen at the lower left-hand side of-Fig. 1. Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14:,

are sectional views taken respectively on lines 10-10 and 1111 Fig. 9; 1212- and 13-13, Fig. 10, and l-1l4--, Fig. 11.

Fig. 15 is a horizontal sectional view through the motor action taken on line 1515, Fig. 1. Fig. 16 is an enlarged sectional flew of the tempo controlling mechanism seen at the left of the motor mechanism in Fig. 1. Fig. 17 is an enlarged sectional view of the motor action taken on line 1717, Fig. 1. Figs. 18, 19, and are sectional views taken respectively on lines 18-18, 1919, and

20-20, Fig. 1, the pipe leading to the motor pneumatics being omitted.

The wind-chest 1 is common to both the exhausting and equalizing bellows 2 and with which ,it communicates through suitable ports -5- and -66. The'front and rear sides of the wind chest are each made of a plurality of layers of comparatively thin pieces of wood, glued together, and having their grains running transversely of each other to prevent warping, said sides being spaced apart by marginal spacing strips 7 of wood, and interposed layers 8 of comparatively thick I paper, Which allows a limited degree of expension and contraction, or of the joined parts without opening the joint, and at the same time this paper layer which is adhesively secured to the contigu ous parts of thewind-chest 1 enables said contiguous parts to be split apart without destroying the wood in case it becomes necessary to separate lsaid Parts. This spacing apart of the front and rear sides of the wind-chest -1- forms an intervening comparatively shallow air chamber which is provided with additional ports 9- and -10-,' one at each end, the port --9-- opening into a conduit -11 which leads to the tempo controlling mechanism, presently described, while the port l0 opens into a conduit 12 which leads to the expression controlling mechanism, also presently described.

The exhausting devices 2- are permanently secured to the back of the wind-chest 1 and are provided with suitable checkvalves l3 and -14:, the valves 13- permitting the exit of air from the exhausting devices -2 when the latter are compressed by the pedals 4, but preventing the entrance of atmospheric air when distended. The valves l4-- allow the exit of the air from the wind-chest 1 into the bellows 2, but prevent entrance of air from said bellows to the wind-chest. The

equalizing bellows 3 is permanently se- I cured to the front side of the wind-chest -1, the movable side of the bellows being provided with an opening -'l6 which is permanently closed by cap -l7- adapted to be removed only when necessary to gain access to the interior of the bellows.

Each of the pedals l is pivotally mounted upon a vertically swinging frame 18- and is connected by a link -l9- to the movable side of one of the exhausting devices -'2, each pedal and its link forming a toggle onnectionbetween the frame 18- come and go intense and one of the exhausting devices, whereby when the pedal is depressed the bellows connected thereto is distended to produce a partial vacuum or minus atmosphericpressure in the wind-chest 1-- and various parts of the system communicating therewith as will be hereinafter described;

The frame -18 to which the pedals are pivoted comprises a cross-bar --20- and suitable rods -2l having their outer ends secured to opposite ends or" the bar 20+- and their inner ends pivot-ally attached to brackets -22- on the front side of the exhausting chamber --1.

The purpose of the equalizer 3 is to assist the bellows -2- in maintaining a uniform airten'sion in the chamber 1 and different parts of the system communir eating therewith and to compensate for the constantly varying demands upon the mo tive power, as for instance, when shifting from single notes to chords, and also in changing from pianissimo to fortissimo effects or sudden accentuations.

The pedal supporting frame is toldable upwardly from a substantially horizontal to a substantially vertical position, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 7, and is held inits vertical position by means ofa spring catch -2 lwhich is fastened to a bar 25 on the wind-chest 1'-, said catch engag- 111%Qtl18 intermediate portion of the bar It is now obvious that the mere act of operatin the exhausting devices -2 by means oi pedals 4 and connecting links 19 produces a minus air pressure in the wind-chest -1 and equalizing chamber 3 as well as in all parts of the system which may be in communication with said wind-chest and that the minus pressure produced in the equalizing chamber 3 tends. to collapse the latter against the action of its distending spring 15, and that inv case excessive demands are made upon the motive power through causes hereinbefore mentioned, the spring .*l5- which is quite stifi, tends to distend the bellows '3-, thereby assisting inmaintaining a uniform minus pressure-in the entire system which may be in communication with the equalizmg chamber. v

The neumatic action or mechanical unit which is directly associated with the piano action is adjustably supported at its ends upon suitable cheek pieces a-, on the sides or ends of the piano ease, and consists essentially of a series of, in this instance three, valve-shelves 26 and a windchest 27 which are separably spaced apart, one above the other, by spacing blocks 28- and are clamped together by tie-bolts -29 passing through registered openings 30 and 31, Figs. 3 and 5, the apertures -30- forming registering wind-ports for direct communication between the wind chest or exhaust chambers -l4 in the interior of the valve shelves '26 and windchest -27-.

The lower ends of the tie-bolts 29 are preferably threaded and engaged with suitable nuts -32 and 3S, and their up-' per ends are shown as engaged with yielding of the wood layers, and also enabling the wood parts tobe more easily separated or split apart when it is desired to gain access to the inclosed valve chambers or air ducts without liability of splitting the wood, the wood and paper layers of each shelf or wind-chest being adhesively secured together.

Each valve shelf contains a group of valves -3 3 and a corresponding group of primary pneumatics 37, and also supports a group of striker pneumatics 38 which in this instance,. are permanently secured 'to the lower. side of each shelf.

One of the wood layers of each shelf constitutes what may be termed a valve-board having a series of separate valve chambers 39 each communicating through a pas sage l0 with its companion striker pneumatic 38-. p

Each valve shelf incloses an exhaustchamber 41 which is common to all of the valves and their priimary pneumatics 37 and each valve chamber has a separate communication through-a port l2 with its exhaustchamber -41 ,'and also communicates through a port -4:3- with atmosphere, the valve -3.6 playing between the ports -42- and 43, normally closing the port 42, and therefore, each striker pneumatic 38 normally communicates with. atmosphere through the ports -l0 and 43- and connecting valve chamber 39, each valve being pro- A vided with an angular stem which is guided by the sides of the port 42 in proximity to the movable side' of its primary pneumatic 37. g

The layer of paste-board 35 which is incorporated in each shelf is preferably terposed between the valve board and ad]acent wood portions of the shelf so that if it becomes necessary to. have access .to-the valves, the valve-board may be more easily separated from the remaining portions of the shelf by simply splitting the paste-board without liability of splitting or otherwise injuring the wood parts and enabling said parts to be reunited adhesively by simply replacing. the paste-board The essential purpose of the wind-chests 27 is to aflord a more-convenient and eflicient connection between the tracker and primary pneumatics by incorporating therein a series of straight transverse metal tubes 50- each having its ends extending some distance through and beyond the front and rear, sides of the wind-chest for receiving flexible ducts 51. and 52, and 'its intermediate portion provided with a comparatively small opening 53 communicating with the interior of the wind-chest.

Each of the valve-shelves 26 is provided with a series of metal tubes or ducts 54 arranged side by side in a substantially straight line, each communicating through a duct 55 with one of the primary pneumatics 37.

The metal tubes 50 in the wind-chest '27 are disposed side by side in substantially the same horizontal plane, one for each 'of the. primary pneumatics, and are each connected by one of the conduits 5lto its companion tube 5 l. The lower ends of the tubes 51 which are attached similarly protected against the entrance of dust by the superposed shelves and striker pneumatics which lie directly over said ports in the underlying shelves.

As a further protection against the entrance of dust into the valve chambers, a dust-board -62 is secured to the front edges of the valve shelves to exclude, as far as practicable, the entrance of dust between the shelves and at the sametime to conceal and protect the lower ends of the-tubes -5lwhich are attached to the lower shelves.

Each of the striker pneumatics is connected to and operates one of the vertically slidable striker-rods. 6-il which are guidedin aperturesin a fixed bar 65- and have their upper ends provided with padded hammers -66- adapted to engage and operate the jack-whips -b of the piano action.

- The spacing blocks -28- between the upper valve shelf -26-- and wind-chest -27 are extended some distance beyond the ends of said shelves and wind-chest, forming ledges which overlie the cheek pieces a' and which receive suitable adjusting screws -67- and-a clamping screw 68' engaging the cheek pieces -a for adjusting and holding the entire pneumatic action to bring the striker hammers -66 into proper relation with the jack-whips The, registering wind-ways 30- communicate with the chamber -41 or interiors of the valve shelves 26 and withv the wind-chest 27 and are connected by a conduit 69-- to an expression controlling device -70-, which in turn, is connected by the conduit --12 to the air exhausting device previously. described.

The flexible conduits 51 and 52- are attached to the opposite ends of their respective tubes witha slip fit so that they may be readily removed and a wire or similar instrument inserted directly through the tube,50 to clean out any dust or other foreign matter which may interfere with the free flow of air there- 7 through.

- The roller 74 is journal'ed atits ends in axial adjustable bearings -78- in the ends of the frame 73, one end of said roller being provided with a gear 3-49- which is ada ted to be driven by a pinion 80 on a riving shaft 81 presently described. Thev other roller which will be hereinafter described as the rewinding roller upon which the perforated music-sheet is originally wound and to which it is attached, is supported atone end in an axially spring-pressed bearing 82--, and its other end is detachably interlocked with a rotary spindle -'83 having upon its outer end a friction roller --84.--.

The driving shaft'-81-- which-iscomparatively long is journaled upon and is movable with a vertically movable-rock-arm or lever -85 which is hinged at -86- to a'fixed support -87 some distance from thepinion sothat as the arm or lever is rocked upon its pivot thepinion 80 is thrown into and out of mesh with the gear 79-- on the winding roller This-vertical rocking movement of the shaft -8l and arm 85 is controlled by a pneumatic 88 and link 89 operating in conjunction with a spring -90-.-

The pneumatic 88- is permantly secured to the top ofthe wind-chest 27. between the frame 73- and hinge .86 of the arm 85 and communicates through a port '91- with the interior of the wind-chest 27. so that as long as there is a minus pressure in the wind-chest 27 and valve shelves -26-, there is a similar -minus pressure in the pneumatic 8S-, operating to collapse the latter, the movable side of which is connected by the link -89 to the rock-arm 85-, thereby drawing the latter downwardly against the action of the spring 90 to engage the pinion 80- with the gear 79-.

The movable side of the pneumatic 88 is hinged at its end nearest the pinion 80 or most remote from the hinge -86 of the rock-arm 85, while the tension of the spring 90- resisting the movable side '88 of the pneumatic is applied between the ends and preferably near the hinged end of said movable side, as best seen in Fig. 3, and the link 89 connects the movable side of the pneumatic and arm 85 intermediate their ends.

The spring 90-- is preferably ii-shape,

and together with the link 89 is so relatively arranged as to establish a compound leverage between the movable side of the pneumatic and rock-arm '85, the spring tending to separate the rock-arm and movable side of the pneumatic While the link --8Q operates to resist such separation, and is provided with an adjusting nut -93- to regulate the movement of the rock-arm, thereby regulating the movement of the pinion -80 to correspond with the degree of movement of the movable side of the pneumatic 88.

As shown-in Fig. 3 of the drawings, the ends of the spring -90 are engaged with the pneumatic -88 and rock-arm 85- between-the link -89 and hinge end of the movable side of said pneumatic, and therefore, the .spring pressure tending to elevate the arm 85 exceeds that tending to close the pneumatic 88-, but when the tension in thejpneumatic -88 is at atmosphere the tension of the spring -90 operating through the lever 85- and link -89 is suiiicient to distend the pneumatic '88', thereby elevating the free end of the shaft 81 and pinion 80 out of interlocking connection withthe gear -79..

A minus pressure is maintained in the pneumatic 88 as long as it is maintained in the valve shelves 26 thereby causing the collapse of said pneumatic to throw the pinion 80- into mesh with the gear .is n communication with '79 to wind the music-sheet gfrom the roller (upon the roller -74, but

. when it is desired to rewind the music-sheet upon the roller ,-Z5, as for instance, at the end oft-the musical selection, communi cation between the wind-inducing device and pneumatic action, including the pneumatic 8S,, is out off the latter being flushed with atmospherefrom the chamber 3 7 which is open to the tracker bar, there by allowing-the spring to elevate the arm 85 to throw the pinion +80 out of mesh. with the gear -'79. of the winding roller and to immedia .y afterward cause the operation ofthe rewinding roller '.-75. For this purpose I provide the shaft 8l-- with a friction wheel which transmits reverse rotary motion to the friction wheel 84.. through the medium of a friction wheel idler -1 ()1-. This idler is'mounted on the free end of a rock-arm lO2 which is pivoted at 103.- to the adjacent side of the frame 73 to ,permit the idler l01 to gravitate withjlthe rock-arm 102- away from the friction Wheel -S4 when the pinion '80- is in mesh with the gear 1779+ and to be forced into frictional engagement with the friction wheel -84 by the elevation of the-friction Wheel -100 so that the idler .10lis at rest during the playing of a selection. 7

It is desirable to keep the'music; sheet reasonably tighteas it is drawn across the tracker-board in the operation of playing, and for this purpose the free action of the rewinding roller -75 is somewhat retard: ed by a brake-shoe104- operating upon the periphery of the friction roller 84 said brake-shoe being operated automati-.

cally through the medium of a pneumatic --l05- which is connected by a conduit 106- to the exhaust-chamber of the windchest Q7-, as best seen in Figs. 2, t, and

6. The action of this brake is entirely automatic and is held 'infrictional engagement with the friction wheel 8i aslong as the wind-chest -2-7-. isv in communication with the exhaust-device, but is released immediately upon cutting off communication between said wind-chest and the exhausting bellows; the degree of movement, of the brake and its actuating bellows being regue lated by an adjustable limiting stop, as a screw --107-, Fig. 6. so

It will be seen from the foregoing description that when the pneumatic action v the exhausting device. the driving shaft 81- is automaticallly thrown into connection-with the winding roller -7-1 by the collapse of the pneumatic -88 and that the brake -1Qt, is simultaneously thrown into action to. retard the action of. the roller 75, and thereby keep the music-sheet 76,- reasonthe action of the spring throw the vrewinding ,mechanism into action under an increased speed The expression controlling mechanism is installed in the lower part of the piano case in the connection between the wind-inducing device and pneumatic action, and preferably consists of a comparatively small windy-chest ll0. divided by a transverse partition 1llinto two main compartments. 112- and 113-, one of which,

inducing device by the conduit 12-, while the other compartment 113 is connected bye valved port -l14 with a valve chamber l15 having direct communication with the pneumatic action through the conl a The compartments 1l2 and ..1l3 communicate through suitable ports -l16 and-117+ with the interior of an expres sicn ,controliing pneumatic 1l8- which is permanently attached to one side of the connected by a spring -1l9- to an adjusting bar 120- whereby thetension of the spring may be varied to vary the resistance to the collapse of the pneumatic 118-. This pneumatic 118- forms an outside connection between the-chambers ll2- and .113:-v and, therefore, a. greater or as 7.112 is connected directly to the wind-.

less degree ofminus pressure is maintained in said pneumatic tending to draw its movable side toward the port 116-v against l19, the degree of acti n at the movable side of said pneumatic sing limited by a stop 12 1'.

Inclosed within and mounted on the mov ableside of the pneumatic 1181- isan auxiliary pneumatic -122- having its mov able side facing the port-116'. and carrying a porous vaive -.-123 adapted to vary thedegree or size of the opening between the exhaust chamber *l12-. and interior of the pneumatic 118-, thereby varying the air tension in the chamber 1 18-v and pneumatic action which may be in communication therewith.

- It is evident that the airtension inthechamber 112 is always. practically. the same as that in the wind-inducing device, butv the pneumatics l18 and 122. operating the valve 123-.e control the air tension in the pneumatic +118 and cham: ber -ll3 and pneumatic action in communication with the latter so that when the valve -123 is full open'the sound-producing devices of the pneumatic'action will be operated with a greater degree of force or power than when the valve -123 is partially closed. This enables the operator to closed by means of a valve l25- for the port 1lL-. The operation of this valve is controlled by a pneumatic -126 forming a part of the. transverse partition 111 between the chambers 112 and 113-. The movable side of the'pneumatic126 forms one side of the chamber 1 13 in which a partial vacuumis maintained, while the interior of the pneumatic normally communicates with atmosphere through a duct -127, valve-chamber and port 129 leading from the valve chamber to atmosphere, thereby distending {the pneumatic -126 which operates through a rod or stem 180to elevate or open valve 125 and its port l14;-- to establish 'direct communicatlon between the chamber 113- and pneumatic action through the conduit -69--. Thefvalve 125- is preferably made of metal and "is self-closing by its own gravity as soon as the air-tension in the pneumatic -'I26 is reduced below atmosphere, as presently" described.

A valve 131 is guided in the port +132,-- and is movable in the valve-chamber-+128 to control communication between said valve-chamber and atmosphere,

and" also to controlcommunic'ation between said valve chamber and exhaust chamher '-133- The duct -12"?? leads from the valve chamber 128: directly into the pneumatic 126- and duringfthe operation of playing a valve -131' normally closes a port -132 leaving the port 129- in direct communication with the pneumatic -126- through the duct.,-127-.' to. keep said pneumatic -126- inflated for holding the'valve 125- open, and thereby maintaining communication between the windinducing device and pneumatic action.

When the music-sheet reaches the end of its winding on the roller '7 i across the tracker 72 it is immediately rewound on the roller and at the same time that thereWindingbegins the pneumatic action is cut oii 'from communication with the wind-inducing device by the closing of the valve 125 which is affected by the deflation of the pneumatic -126- and gravity of the valve. For this purposea valve 138, Fig. 19, is operated manually through the medium of a leve -139--and 3,1 iegiee vent -14clwhich is connected by a flexible duct ].&2- to the interior of a primary pneumatic 1a3 having its movable part forming. one side of the exhaust chamber l33 and adapted to operate the valve 131-to open the ort -132 and close the. port -129, thereby establishing communication between the exhaust chamber -l33 and duct-127 leading into the pneumatic 126-. By shifting the valve -'138 to open the vent 141.- to atmosphere the latter instantly enters and inflates the primary pneumatic 143 to operate the valve l31 thereby opening the port -132 and closing the port 129 to permit the air to be exhausted from the pneumatic 126' through the duct -127-.-, whereupon the valve 125- descends by its own gravity to close the port l14 and cut oii communication between the wind-inducing device and pneumatic action.

it is'now clear that as long as the vent -'141-, is closed as shown in Fig. 19, the pneumatic '-126 will-beopen to atmosphere through the port 129- and duct -126 to keep the valve 125'open,

thereby maintaining communication be- Weighted valve 125- to close automatically.

'The exhaust chamber -133- is in direct communication through a passage +146 withthe' exhaust-chamber 112 and is, therefore, in direct communication with the wind-inducing device. This exhaust-cha n her 133, and therefore, the wind-inducing device is in direct communication with an exhaust-chamber -148- through a conduit -.-149-, as best seen in Figs. 1, 9, 10, and 12. 1 v

The exhaust-chamber -148- is inclosed in a suitable valve-shelf 150 which contains' a double valve l51- and a primary pneumatic 152, the latter communicating through a conduit '153 with an air vent '-154: having a valve -155 which is controlled by a lever 156 andconnectin% rod '157-, best seen in Fig. 1.

he valve 155-is normally closed preventing the entrance of atmospheric air to 7 movable side forming one sideof the exand normally haust-chamber 1 i8 in which a partial vacuum is maintained by the wind-inducing device through the conduit -1 19-.

The, valve shelf 150 incloses a chamber -160 located between the valves -151 and having opposite ports -l61, one port opening to atmosphere and the 1 other communicating with the exhaust chamber 148 while the port-ion of said chamber 160 between said ports communicates through a conduit 163 with the interior of the auxiliary pneumatic 122.

The valves 151 are mounted on the same stem, one of them opening outwardly closing the ports which open to'atmosphere, while the other valve is normally open and controls communication be tween the chamber 160 and exhaustchamber'148. The auxiliary pneumatic 122 is, therefore normally in communication with the exhausting device through the conduit .'163- and chambers 1GO and 148 so that while the pneumatic 118 normally tends to close the valve 123- by moving the auxiliary .pneumatic -122 bodily toward the port -116,

pneumatic 122 is at the same time partially collapsed, tending to draw the valve 123 away from the port -116, such action being accelerated by a pneumatic 170 on the movable side of the main expression controlling pneumatic 118, as best seenin Fig. 9. This pneumatic -170- opens to atmosphere through a port -171- and has its movable side engaged with an arm 172 rigid on the movable side of the pneumatic 122 so that as soon as the air tension within the pneumatics --118 and 122 is equalized below atmosphere, the atmospheric pressure acting upon the pneumatic 171 causes the latter pneumatic to engage the arm '172 and hold the auxiliary pneumatic 122 in its collapsed position with the valve 123 full-open for fortissimo expression.

lVhen a softer expression is required the valve 155- is opened allowing atmospheric air to enter through the tube 153 and into the primary pneumatic '152-, thereby crating the valves 151- to closecommunication between the auxiliary pneumatic -122 and the exhausting chamber 148- and to open. communication between said pneumatic and atmosphere, by which said pneumatic is inflated, bringing the valve 123- into closer proximity to the port 116, and thereby reducing the air tension in the chamber 113+ and pneumatic action connected thereto.

The distention of the pneumatic 122- is practically instantaneous upon the opening of the valve 155 by reason of the fact that the area of said pneumatic acted upon by the inflowing atmospheric air is considerably greater than the area of the pneumatic 170- exposed to atmosphere so that the arm 172 readily collapses the pneumatic 170. V I

I have now described the mechanism involved in the expression controlling device, as associated with the pneumatic action and wind-inducing device previously described.

The motor action andv its governing mechanism for driving the shaft --81 and controlling the speed of action of the winding and rewinding rollers, preferably consists of a series of, in this instant four, motor pneumatics 180 which are permanently secured to a valve-board '181- having an exhaust chamber -l82 connected by a conduit 183 to a valve chest 184. This valvechest contains a slide-valve 185 movable across a tapering opening 186- which communicates with a tempo governing pneumatic 187- permanently secured to the valve chest. 'This valve chest is also provided with an exhaust chamber 1S8 which communicates directly with the windinducing device l through the conduit 1l and is also connected to'the valve chamber 184 through a port 190 havinga valve 191 for controlling communr cat-ion between the chambers -188 and 184- at one side of the passage 186.

The chamber --188-'communicates directly with the interior of the pneumatic 187' through a port 1)2 having a porous valve 1.93 which is mounted directly upon the movable side of the pneumatic -187. thereby establishing direct communication between the pneumatic 187 and wind-inducing device, although the air tension in the pneumatic 18T- and chamber 184 connected thereto, through the passage -186 is controlled by the position of the valve 193.

The reduced pressure which is constantly maintained in the pneumatic -187-- during the operation of the wind-inducing device tends to close the valve 1$)3- against the port 192- which is resisted by a spring 194l, and mean-s, as a threaded rod or link -195 for varying the tension of the spring.

The hinged end ofthe movable side of the pneumatic 187 is somewhat remote from the valve -1$l3 and in order to increase the resistance to the closing of said val e as it approaches the port 192--, I provide an intermediate fulcrum pin orv plate -196- adapted to engage a'bearing 1. 7- on the fixed side of the pneumatic so that when the I movable side of the pneumatic is drawn toa rod '-195-- which materially in reases the nicate respectively with the two outer pneu the plate by means vent positive cut-0H between the wind-inducing device and motor mechanism;

The valve 185- is usually made of wood with a leatherfacing 20 engaging a metal plate 201 in which the passage 186 is formed, said valve being spring pressed against the metal plate by a spring 202 and is moved back and forth along connecting links 204. The valves 185- and 193* control communication between the wind-inducing device and chamber 184- through the pneumatic 187-, which latter,

- together w th the valve 185- operates to speed of action of the regulate} the air tension in and consequent motor pneumatics. The valve -191- controls *directcommunication between the wind-inducing device and motor pneumatics, such valve being nor mally clo'sed andis opcned by a primary pneumatic 205 only when desired to rewind the music-sheet at an increased speed. For this purpose the primary pneumatic 205- is provided'with a vent duct-206- as'best seen in Fig. 17, which is normally closed to atmosphere by the valve -138.

a When it is desired to rewind the musicsheet the valve 138 is shifted in the man- .nerpreviously described by the lever -139 and connecting link -14EO- to uncover the ports or ducts 14:1-'-- and 206- thereby admitting atmospheric air into the primary pneumatic 205, inflating the latter, which operates the valve '-191-' to establish direct communication between the chambers --188-' and 184,: the first named chamber being in direct communication with the wind-inducing device, while the latter chamber is connected directly to the exhaust chamber 189. of the valve-shelf18l.

The valve-chest 181- is provided with a pair of slide valves 210 and 211-, each associated with a group of three ports e212, 213, and 214. The ports 212- are both connected to the exhaust chamber 182* and each of the valves 210 and 211 is adapted to cover two of the ports of each group, the ports 213 and 214- of each group being alternately opened to atmosphere. The lower ports 214 of each group communicate re spectively with the interiors of the two 1n-' termediate pneumatics 180- while. the

upper ports 213- of each group commumatics 180. The movable sides of these pneumatics are connected by links -215- to a crank-shaft 216, the cranlcarms for the two pneumatics at one end being ofi'set in diametrically opposite directions, while the crank-arms for the other two pneumatics of a hand-lever 203 and;

1,1 raise are also ofiset in diametrically opposite directions, but at right angles to the first named crank-arms. In other words, the crankarms connected to the two intermedlate pneumatics are arranged on a quarter turn or at right angles to each other and their connecting links, as 215 are connected .by adjustable rods 22( to the valves 211- and 210- while the other two crank-arms at i the end are also arranged on the quarterturn relatively to each other. By this arrangement of the ports and slide valves and 7 connection of the latter in the manner clescribcd with the crank-shaft, but two valves are necessary to control the operation of the four pneumatics becauseeach valve is made to alternately connect two pneumatics with the wind-inducing device and atmosphere at each revolution of the crank-shaft. For instance, when the crank-arm connected to one of the valves moves such valve in position to connectthe lower port --2l-d:- of one pneumatic with the companion-exhaust port 212,-the other companion port 213 for another pneumatic is open to atmosphere, causmg the deflation of the first named pneumatic and distention of the last named pneumati e, but as soon as the crank-arm begins to change positions to shift the valve, as for instance on the upper half-turn oi the crankarm, the same valve opens the lower port 214 and its'pneumatic to atmosphere and connects the upper port 213 and its pnew matic with the exhaust port, the first named operation being repeated'upon the other half revolution of the same crank-arm. It, therefore, follows that if the crank arm upon which the other valve is connected is a quar fter-turn in advance or the first named crankarm when one of the valves 1S "full-open in either of its extreme positions, the other valve is in position to close alllof its ports, although one or the other of the latter are immediately placed in communication with the exhaust chamber or atmosphere upon the shifting of the other valve from its extreme position. p

1 The. operation of my invention, briefly described, is as follows: A minus pressure is maintained ln ftllfl wind-chest 1 and equalizing chamber -3,- by the operation through the medium of the pedals This minus pressure or of the. bellows 2 low air tension is communicated through the conduit "12- to. the exhaust-chamber --112-', and thence, through the expression controlling pneumatic 118-, exhaust chamber 113, open port -11l, and conduit -69- to theexhaust chambers -27- and 41- of the pneumatic-action, the valve -'125-. being held open by the inflation of the pneumatic 126 by atmosphere aided by the minus pressure in the chamber 113+. At the same time the same low tension is maintained in the chamber 188 of the motor controlling device through the conduit 189'le'ading from the chamber "l'.

This'partial vacuum or inequality of pressure within and XvithOU't "the pneumatics 1I8 and 187- which maybe designated respectively, as the expression and tempocontrolling pneumatics tends to close or collapsethem against the action of'their respective resistance springs*-l l9" and 194, thereby tending to-close the valves 128' and 'l93, bothof which are porous and therefore, always'allow a slight leakage of the air'through the ports l16 and 192 respectively, even though said valves may be in their extreme closed position.

The'inner' pneumatic l22- is, however, normally collapsed and therefore, holds the valve -l23 o'pento produce fortis'simo effects, but if asofter tone is required, the lever l56 is operated to open the valve 155+, thereby admitting atmospheric air to the primary pneumatic -152', and operating the valve 151-- to admit atmospheric air to the auxiliary pneumatic 122 which partially closes the valve 123-, thuslowering the air tension in the chamber 113 and pneumatic action connected thereto, the reduced air tension correspondingly reducing the power with Which the striker pneu'matics are actuated. If it is desired to control, the tempo or speed of action of the motor pneumatics, the valve l85 is shifted by the lever 208 to partially close communication between the pneumatic187 and chamber l8t, which is connected directly to the exhaustchamber l82"of the'valve-board 18l of the motor action, and thereduced tension therefore, decreases'the speed of action of the pneumatic s 180 and driving shaft 216-, the latter being connected to the shaft 81 by suitable sprocket-chain, as best seen in Fig. 1.

It will be seen from the foregoing description taken in connection With the accompanying'drawings that the several mechanical units constituting the automatic player are connected by flexible conduits,

that is, the tempo-controlling part of the motor'action communicates directly with the wind inducing device through a flexible conduit ''11 the expression controlling mechanism communicates directly with said wind inducing device through the flexible conduit 12"--to the pneumatics action inv'olving the sound producing devices communicating direct with the expression con- I trolling mechanism through a flexible conduit,'69, all of said flexible conduits having slip fit connectionswith their res ective mechanisms which not only enables the mechanical units to be readily assembled or taken apart, but also permits said mechanisms to be adjusted relatively to each other to better locate themin available more particularly to the general combina-.

tion or" the several mechanical units and their connections one With the other and to certain specific devices, the action of which affects two or more of the mechanisms. For example, the valvej-i25 and its actuating pneumatic l26- is controlled by the man'- ually operated valve 138- to control communication between the Wind inducin device and pneumatic action of-the sound producing devices, and at the same time allowing the distention of the pneumatic 88 to throw the Winding mechanism out of action and the rewinding mechansm into action, the valve l38 and mechanism controlled thereby also establishing direct communication between the motor action of the Wind inducing device so as to causesaid motor action to operate with increasing speed under the maximum air tension of the wind inducing-device to rewind the 'music sheet With increased speed.

What 3'. claim:

1.- In a pneumatic self-playing musical instrument, a Wind-inducing device, a sound producing action connected to the Windinducing device, an expression governing pneumatic forming a part of said connection, a normally open valve in the connection between the expression governing pneumatic and action, a pneumaticactuator normallly holding said valve open, a motor having a direct connection and an indirect connection with the ind inducing device, a tempo-re ulating pneumatic forming a part of the indirect connection, a normally closed valve in the direct connection, a pneumatic actuator for the last named valve, and means operable at will for controlling the action of both of the pneumatic actuators whereby the first named valve is closed and the last named valve simultaneously opened.

' 2. In a pneumatic self playing musical instrument, a Wind-inducing device, a sound producing action connected to" the Wind-inducing device, an expression governing pneumatic forming a part of said connection, a valvein the connection between the expression governing pneumatic and action,a pneumatic actuator normally holding's'aid valve open, means controlled at will for alternatingly placing said actuator in communication with the exhaust'device and with the atmosphere, a pneumatic motor action'hav ing a direct connection and'an indirect connection with the wind inducing device, a tempo-regulating pneumatic forming a part of the indirect connection, a'normally closed valve in the 'dire'ctconnection, a pneumatic actuator for the last named valve, and means actuated by a part of the first named means for admitting atmospheric air to the last named pneumatic actuator when the first named actuator is placed in communication with the exhaust device, whereby the last named valve is opened at the same time that the first named valve is closed.

3. In a self-playing musical instrument, a

wind-inducing device, a sound producing action connected to said device, an expression governing pneumatic forming a part of said connection, a valvein the connection between the expression 7 governing pneumatic and action, a pneumatic actuator normally in communication with the atmosphere for holding the valve open, means controlled at will for placing said actuator in communication with the exhaust deviceto close the valve, a motor action having a direct connection and an indirect connection withthe wind inducing device, a tempo-governing pneumatic forming a part of the in direct connection, a normally closed valve in the direct connection, anormally deflated pneumatic actuator for the last named valve, and means actuated by a part of the first named means for admitting atmospheric air to the last named actuator at the same time that the first named actuator is placed in communication with the exhaust device.

4. In a pneumatic self-playing musical instrument, a wind-inducing device, a sound producing device connected to the wind-inducing device, an expression governing pneumatic forming a part ofthe connection between said deviceand action, an auxiliary pneumatic within and upon the movable side of the expression governing pneumatic for additionally governing the expression, and a pneumatic actuator controlled bythe air tension in the expression pneumatic for controlling the operation of'the auxiliary pneumatic.

5. In a pneumatic self-playing musical instrument, a wind-inducing device, a sound producing device connected to the wind-inducing device, an expression governing pneumatic forming a part ofthe connection between said device and action, an auxiliary pneumatic within and upon the movable side of the expression governing pneumatic for additionally governing the expression, a pneumatic actuator controlled by the air tension in the expression pneumatic for controlling the operation of the auxiliary pneumatic, a valve in the connection between the expression governing pneumatic and sound producing action, and voluntarily controlled pneumatic actuating means for said valve.

6. In a pneumatic self-playing musical instrument, a wind inducing device, a sound producing action, a motor action, a connection between the sound producing action and wind inducing device, a separate connection between the motor action and wind inducing device, a normally open valve in the first named connection, a pneumatic actuator for said valve, a separate valve in the connection nuance named pneumatic actuator to the exhaust device to allow the first named valve to close.

7. In a self-playing musical instrument, a wind-inducing device, a sound producing action, connected thereto, an auxiliary expression governing pneumatic in the connection, means under the control of the operator for placing the auxiliary pneumatic alternately in communication with the atmosphere and with the exhaust device,v a

separate pneumatic actuator for the said pneumatic having one side exposed to the atmosphere and its other side forming a part of one side of said connection.

' 8. In a pneumatic self-playing musical instrument, separately operable expression regulating pneumatics one within the other, and an additional pneumatic actuator controlled by the air tension in the outer pneumatic for actuating the innerpneumatic.

9. In a pneumatic self-playing musical instrument, separately operable expression regulating pneiunatics one within the other, the outer pneumatic having a port opening to the atmosphere, a pneumatic actuator covering the inner side of said opening, and connections between said-actuator and inner pneumatic.

10.-In a pneumatic self-playing musical instrument, a wind-inducing device, a sound producing action, a wind chest having separate chambers one of which is in constant communication with the wind-inducing device, the other chamber normally communicating with the sound producing action, a valve in the connection between the last named chamber and sound producingaction. a pneumatic actuator dividing said cham here from each other, connections between said actuator and valve and an expression governing pneumatic connecting said chambers around said pneumatic actuator.

11. In'a pneumatic self-playing musical instrument, a wind-inducing device, a sound producing action, an air chamber in constant communication with! the Windinducing device, an additional chamber connected to the sound producing action, a valve controlling communication between the additional chamber and sound producmg action, a pneumatic actuator, located between said chambers, connections between said actuator and valve and means under the control of the operator for alternately connecting said actuator With the atmosphere and with the exhaust device.

12. In a pneumatic self-playing musical instrument, a wind-inducing device, a sound producing action, a Wind chest having'separate chambers and separate ports communicating therewith, one of the chambers being connected to the exhaust device and the other chamber connected to the sound producing action, an expression governing pneumatic connecting said ports, a pneumatic actuator between said ports, a valve between the actuator and sound producing action and also located in the connection between the expression governing pneumatic and said action, connections between the valve and said actuator, and means under the control of the operator for alternately placing said actuator in communication with the atmosphere and with the exhaust device.

13. In a pneumatic self-playin musical instrument, a wind-inducing device, a pneumatic motor action and a sound producing action, separate connections between said action and wind-inducing device, a valve in the connection between the Windinducing device and sound producing action, a separate valve in the connection between the wind-inducing device and motor action, a tempo regulating pneumatic connected to the connection between the motor action and wind inducing device around the valve in such connection, separate pneumatic actuators for said valves, and means under the control of the operator for simultaneously inflating one actuator and deflating the other actuator.

14. In a pneumatic self-playing musical instrument, a wind-inducing device, a pneumatic motor action connected thereto, a normally closed valve in such connection, a tempo regulating pneumatic connected to said connection around the normally closed valve, a sound producing action connected to the wind-inducing device, a normally open valve in the latter connection, and separate pneumatic actuators for said valves under the control of the operator whereby the normally closed valve may be opened and the normally open valve closed for cutting off communication between the Windinducing device and sound producing action and simultaneouly throwing the full force of the wind-inducing device into the motor action.

15. In a pneumatic self-playing musical instrument, a wind-inducing device, a motor action connected thereto, a normally deflated pneumatic actuator for said valve, a sound producing action connected tothe wind-inducing device, a valve in such connection, a normally inflated pneumatic actuator for the latter valve, means under the control of the operator for admitting atmos pheric air to the first named actuator, and separate means controlled by the first named means for placing the second named actuator in communication with the exhaust device whereby its valve is closed simultaneously with the opening of the other valve. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this th day of July, 1906.

LEWIS B. DOMAN".

Witnesses C. L. HAMLIN, M. E. ELLIOTT. 

